The development of technical regulations for lifting and transportation machinery in China has been rapid. Since liberation, over 100 technical standards (including national and departmental standards) for lifting and transportation machinery have been issued, forming a comprehensive set of standards and regulations. These technical standards can be broadly categorized into six major groups. Below, we will introduce the regulations commonly used in safety management and inspection.
Category 1: Comprehensive Requirements
The main ones are:
1) GB3811 "Crane Design Code";
2) GB6067 Safety Rules for Lifting Appliances;
3) GB5905 "Crane Test Codes and Procedures";
4) CB6720 "Safety Technical Assessment Standards for Crane Operators".
Type 2: Bridge crane
The main ones are:
1) JB1036 "Technical Conditions for General Purpose Bridge Cranes";
2) JB1306 "LD Electric Single-beam Crane";
3) JB3695 "LH Electric Hoist Double-beam Crane";
4) JB3186 "Single-main-beam Hook Gantry Crane":
5) JB4102 Technical Conditions for Double-beam General Purpose Gantry Cranes;
6) GB10183 "Tolerances for Manufacturing and Track Installation of Bridge and Gantry Cranes".
Type 3: Boom crane.
The main ones are:
1) GB6068.1~4 "Test Code for Truck Cranes and Rubber-Tired Cranes (General Requirements, Qualification Tests, Determination of Stability, Structural Tests)";
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2) ZB80002 "Safety Regulations for Truck Cranes and Tire Cranes".
3) ZBJ80003 "Technical Requirements for Truck Cranes and Tire Cranes":
4) GB5144 Safety Rules for Tower Cranes in Construction;
5) GB10057 "Inspection Rules for Tower Cranes":
6) GB9462 "Technical Conditions for Tower Cranes";
7) GB5031 "Specification and Method for Performance Testing of Tower Cranes for Construction";
8) JBJ80012 "Operation and Use Regulations for Tower Cranes";
9) JT5013 Technical Conditions for Port Gantry Cranes
Category 4: Lifts.
The main ones are:
1) GB7588 "Safety Rules for the Construction and Installation of Electric Lifts",
2) GB10058 "Elevator Technical Conditions";
3) GB10059 "Elevator Test Methods";
4) GB10060 "Code for Acceptance of Lift Installation";
5) GB10053 "Inspection Rules for Construction Hoists";
6) GB10054 Technical Conditions for Construction Hoists;
7) GB10055 Safety Rules for Construction Hoists;
8) GB10056 "Test Method for Construction Hoists".
Category 5: Light and Small Lifting Equipment
The main ones are:
1) GB1955 "Construction Hoist";
2) GB6947 "Test Code and Method for Construction Hoists";
3) JB2100 "Technical Conditions for CD1 and MD1 Electric Hoists";
4JB1462 "Technical Conditions for Lifting Tackles".
Category 6: Main components
The main ones are:
1) GB6332 "Block Brake",
2) GB6164.1~2 "Crane Buffers";
3) B4315 "Crane Electrical Control Equipment":
4) GB7950 "General Technical Conditions for Jib Crane Torque Limiters";
5) GB12602 "Safety Technical Specifications for Overload Protection Devices";
6) GB1102 "Round Strand Wire Rope";
7) GB6946 "Aluminium Alloy Swaged Fittings for Steel Wire Ropes";
8) GB5972 "Practical Specification for Inspection and Scrapping of Steel Wire Ropes for Lifting Mechanisms";
9) GB10051.1~5 "Lifting Hooks":
10) ZBJ80006.1~10 Cast Pulley for Cranes;
11) ZBJ80007.1~3 "Casting Drum for Cranes";
12) GB4628 "Cylindrical Wheels for Bridge Cranes".
Class 7: Aerial ropeways and escalators
Currently, GB12352 "Safety Code for Passenger Ropeways" has been promulgated; the standard for escalators is currently under approval.
The issuance of national administrative and technical regulations has effectively promoted the construction of relevant local regulations and safety management. All provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government have formulated corresponding implementation rules and local standards in accordance with relevant national regulations and in consideration of their actual local conditions. Competent departments in various industries have also formulated specific safety management and operation procedures for lifting machinery based on the characteristics of their respective industries.
